参考文献：

　　[1] 中国造口管理协作组, 中华护理学会伤口造口失禁护理专业委员会, 中国医师协会外科医师分会结直肠医师专业委员会, 等. 肠造口并发症的分型与分级标准（2023版）[J]. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2023, 26(10): 915-921.

　　[2] Gavriilidis P, Azoulay D, Taflampas P. Loop transverse colostomy versus loop ileostomy for defunctioning of colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review, updated conventional meta-analysis, and cumulative meta-analysis[J]. Surg Today, 2019,49(2):108-117. DOI: 10.1007/s00595- 018-1708-x.

　　[3] 赵文霞. 食用白糖治疗妇产科伤口感染50例的疗效分析[J]. 临床医药文献电子杂志,2015,v.2;No.3622:4568.

　　[4] Brandt AR, Schouten O. Images in clinical medicine. Sugar to reduce aprolapsed ileostomy. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12;364(19):1855.

　　[5] Mphande AN, Killowe C, Phalira S, Jones HW, Harrison WJ.Effects of honey and sugar dressings on wound healing.J Wound Care. 2007;16(7):317-9